Diagnosing Anaemia: Tests and Screening Procedures
Introduction: Diagnosing anaemia involves various tests to determine red blood cell levels. Let’s understand these procedures in simple terms.
1. Physical Examination: During a physical exam, your doctor may look for signs of anaemia such as pale skin, rapid heartbeat, and fatigue.
2. Blood Tests: Blood tests are crucial for diagnosing anaemia. The main tests include:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): This measures red blood cell count, haemoglobin levels, and haematocrit.
- Peripheral Blood Smear: This test examines the size, shape, and number of red blood cells under a microscope, helping to identify specific types of anaemia.
- Iron Studies: These tests measure iron levels in your blood to determine if iron deficiency is the cause of anaemia.
3. Additional Tests: Depending on the suspected cause of anaemia, your doctor may order additional tests such as:
- Vitamin B12 and Folate Levels: These tests help diagnose anaemia caused by deficiencies in these vitamins.
- Bone Marrow Examination: In some cases, a bone marrow biopsy may be necessary to evaluate the production of blood cells in the bone marrow.
4. Screening Procedures: Anaemia screening may be recommended for certain populations, such as pregnant women, infants, and individuals with chronic diseases. Screening tests may include:
- Haemoglobin Screening: This simple test measures haemoglobin levels using a finger-prick blood sample.
- Questionnaires: Some screening programs use questionnaires to assess symptoms and risk factors for anaemia.
Conclusion: Diagnosing anaemia involves a combination of physical examinations, blood tests, and screening procedures. Early diagnosis is essential for prompt treatment and management of anaemia, helping to improve overall health and well-being.
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